Herman E. Daly is an American economist known as the founder of the field of ecological economics and as a critic of standard economic growth theory. Daly's worked centered on the relationship of the economy and the environment, and the relationship of the economy to ethics. In Steady-State Economics (1977), he argued that polices were needed to guide society towards a constant population, a constant material standard of living, and a just distribution of wealth. He applied classical concepts of capital and income to resources and the environment, the laws of thermodynamics, and the insights of ecology, particularly in relation to levels of flows of materials and energy through economic systems. He was Senior Economist in the Environment Department of the World Bank, helping to develop policy guidelines related to sustainable development. He was a recipient of the Heineken Prize for Environmental Science from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Sophie Prize (Norway).