a German physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909 with Guglielmo Marconi for the development of wireless telegraphy. Braun’s early work was in the field of electricity where he published papers on deviations from Ohm's law and electromotive forces. He invented what is now called Braun's electrometer, and also a cathode-ray oscillograph, constructed in 1897. Brain improved Marconi's transmitting system by devising a sparkless antenna circuit (patented in 1899) that linked transmitter power to the antenna circuit inductively. This invention greatly increased the broadcasting range of a transmitter and subsequently was used in radar, radio, and television applications.